This is distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data from a 1,043 m borehole drilled to the base of Sermeq Kujalleq (Store Glacier), Greenland, 28 km inland from the glacier terminus. The DTS system was installed on 5 July 2019, with recordings continuing until cable failure on 13 August 2019. The record resolution is ~0.65 m. This work was primarily funded and conducted as part of the European Research Council RESPONDER project (https://www.erc-responder.eu/) under the European Union''s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant 683043). Robert Law was supported by Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership studentships (Grant NE/L002507/1).

A record of the oxygen-isotope ratios and net accumulation from an ice core drilled on Dyer Plateau in the Antarctic Peninsula is presented. This 233 m long ice core was drilled in the southern summer season of 1989/90. The isotope data covers the years 1505 to 1988. The snow accumulation data covers 1840 to 1988.

This dataset provides an annual isotope record from the Gomez (GZ07) ice core, dating back to the 1850s. The 136 m core was drilled on the South-western Antarctic Peninsula, during January 2007. We present a new 150-year, high-resolution, stable isotope record (delta-O-18) from the Gomez ice core, drilled on the data sparse south western Antarctic Peninsula. The record is highly correlated with satellite-derived temperature reconstructions and instrumental records from Faraday station on the north west coast, thus making it a robust proxy for local and regional temperatures since the 1850s.

Measurements of mean annual temperature in degrees Celsius at 22 sites in Pine Island Glacier, located by hand held Garmin GPS position, and altitude recorded by survey quality Leica GPS. The mean annual temperature of a remote ice sheet site is generally agreed to be equivalent to the temperature measured at 10m depth in a borehole. This dataset records the 10m temperatures at 22 remote sites in the Pine Island Glacier region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Data were recorded on a single thermistor logging thermometer for a period of 12 to 24 hours on the date noted in table (marked in table as ''Single thermistor'') or as the mean of two cables with parallel triple thermistors measured at a single time (date/time noted in table) after a minimum of 12 hours settling in the borehole (marked in table as ''Average of six thermistors''). Measurements were made independently in two boreholes: one drilled to approximately 12m for deployment of a neutron source ice density probe (marked in table as ''10m temperature neutron probe borehole''); one drilled to approximately 50m during recovery of an ice core (marked in table as ''10m temperature ice core borehole''). Some have argued that the mean annual temperature is better measured at 15m in a borehole to remove any trace of the seasonal surface temperature cycle. In the table we additionally record the temperature in the ice core borehole at 15m (marked in table as ''15m temperature ice core borehole'') using a logging PT-100 temperature device (marked in table as ''Single PT-100'').

These datasets show how lake water-pressure fluctuated through time over several months in seasonally-frozen catchments in winter. These catchments were in three settings: the lowland Finnish Arctic, an alpine valley and a high cirque in Switzerland. The water-pressure data are accompanied by water temperature and (except for Orajarvi), ground temperature for the same periods. Together, they were used to detect and quantify the water content of snow falling on the lake surfaces. The locations, method of data collection and analysis and the results are described in detail in Pritchard, H. D., Farinotti, D., & Colwell, S. (2021). This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey, and a fellowship from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.